He was born on the island of Kos in 309/308 BC, during his father's invasion of the Aegean in the Fourth Diadoch War. Arsinoe, the eldest daughter of Ptolemy and Berenice, was probably born in the Egyptian capital Memphis somewhere between 318 and 311 BCE. A poem by Theocritus, a figure in the Alexandrian court, equates the couple with Zeus and Hera (also siblings), an equivalence likely intended to assuage the Greek aversion to incestuous marriage. Arsinoe II (316-271 B.C.E.) Ptolemy and Arsinoe seem to have taken some steps to validate their union through mythological precedent. In recognition of her influencel, the king gave her large estates in the Aegean, including the city of Ephesos. Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe I had the following three children. I'm very interested in Mesopotamian history and always try to take photos of archaeological sites and artifacts in museums, both in Iraq and around the world. Head of Ptolemy II Philadelphus with Arsinoe II behind. It is filled with death, greed, and intrigue. Wife and Sister of Ptolemy III Daughter Ptolemy II & Berenike II Arsinoe III was born the daughter of Ptolemy II and Berenike II. Arsinoe’s influence in the Egyptian government grew swiftly. Toward the end of Ptolemy’s reign, a province, Al-Fayyūm, southwest of Cairo, where the king had done much land reclamation, was renamed in her honour as the Arsinoite province. After her death, Ptolemy II established a cult of Arsinoe Philadelphus. To an Egyptian, it would be a reference to the divine marriages of gods like Isis and Osiris. She was married to her brother Ptolemy IV. Ptolemaic Period, reign of Ptolemy II, circa 285-246 BCE. She was named after a Macedonian princess (from a collateral branch descending from Alexander I, r. c. 498-454 BCE), to whom her grandfather Lagus was married. The conflict, fought between Egypt and the Seleucid realm, which had ultimately been reclaimed by Antiochus I Soter, the son of Seleucus I Nicator, ultimately ended in Egyptian victory following the weakening of the Seleucid forces due to a plague outbreak in Babylon. Wait…what? The front (obverse) of this coin portrays the heads of Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II, facing to the right. Though salacious historical rumour speculates that Arsinoe was obsessed with Agathocles and turned against him when he rejected her romantic overtures or that she single-handedly manipulated Lysimachus into turning against his son, it is in fact likely that both Lysimachus and Arsinoe stood to benefit from the removal of Agathocles, who would have contested the primacy of Arsinoe’s children. In 285/284 bce, Ptolemy I proclaimed that his son Ptolemy II, Arsinoe’s brother, would corule until his death and then succeed him. Arsinoë II (Koinē Greek: Ἀρσινόη, 316 BC – unknown date between July 270 and 260 BC) was a Ptolemaic queen and co-regent of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of ancient Egypt. The son and daughter of Ptolemy I inherited the crown of Egypt jointly. Fig. Classic art reinvented with a modern twist. From San el-Hagar (Tanis), temple of Ptolemy II, and Arsinoe II, Egypt. Arsinoe fled to Samothrace, where she likely waited for some time to ascertain whether her surviving son might still win the Macedonian throne. Probably born in 316 bce; died in 270 bce; oldest child of Ptolemy I Soter and Berenice I (c. Source for information on … The back (reverse) portrays the head of Ptolemy I and Berenice I, facing to the right. The granting of cities to female family members was a common custom at the time, and aside from Heraclea Pontica, Arsinoe’s possession of any additional cities was likely either nominal or entailed only the receipt of revenues. Arsinoe II 1, daughter of Ptolemy I and Berenice I 2, born c. 316 3, married thrice.. She first married Lysimachus, king of Thrace and Macedon 4, in 300/299 as at least his third marriage 5, by whom she had three sons, Ptolemy (here identified with Ptolemy "the Son"), Lysimachus and Philip 6.The marriage was terminated by the death of her husband at the battle of Corupedium in Feb 281 7, after … Fig. Now, this marrying-your-full-sister-thing was a tradition of the old, native pharaohs of Egypt. Now, at this time, her life was going exceptional well, she gave her husband three boys and in return she got whatever she wanted. She was raised in Egypt at Alexandria where she most likely received her finishing-school education. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Corrections? Some scholars contend that the impression of her puissance in Egypt was the effect of symbolic efforts by her brother-husband. Ptolemy II was the first pharaoh to marry his full sister, but this form of marriage became standard for the remainder of the Ptolemaic dynasty. Ptolemy II exiled his wife. PTOLEMAIC KINGS OF EGYPT. Notably weakening his defense was the defection of Philetaerus, governor of Pergamum, who was custodian of a large portion of Lysimachus’s treasury. was the daughter of King Ptolomeo I and was married to King Lysimachus of Thrace at sixteen years of age. Arsinoe, like Ptolemy II himself, was the daughter of one of Alexander’s generals-turned-kings: Lysimachus. In Alexandria, Arsinoe II “probably received a finishing-school education,” historian Rebecca Bartholomew reports. English: Arsinoe II (316-July 270 BC), queen of Thrace and later co-ruler of Egypt with her brother and husband Ptolemy II of Egypt. Arsinoe II was first married to King Lysimachus of Thrace, to whom she bore three sons. In the relief at the top of the … She received burial and deification rites at Mendes, where she had been a priestess, which are commemorated in the Mendes stele. She was recorded as having accompanied Ptolemy in surveying the Egyptian borders during the First Syrian War (274–271 bce). Building of Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II, Olympia, Greece-Wikipedia. Towns were named after her in Greece, and dedications to her were made at numerous places in Greece and Egypt, notably at port cities, where she was worshipped because of the supremacy of Ptolemy’s naval forces. Various—and sometimes contradictory—accounts, or references to, the life of Arsinoe are found in the writings of Pausanias, Memnon (by way of Nymphis), Strabo, Polybius, Plutarch, Polyaenus, and Justin. Ptolemy II was the son of Ptolemy I Soter and his third wife Berenice I. Tetradrachm (Coin) Portraying King Ptolemy II Philadelphos and Queen Arsinoe II, After 270 BC, issued by King Ptolemy II, reign of Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II, 285–247 BC, Greek, Egypt, Gold, Diam. Ptolemaic Period, reign of Ptolemy II, circa 285-246 BCE. She received burial and deification rites at Mendes, where she had been a priestess, which are commemorated in the Mendes stele. Arsinoë II (Ancient Greek: Ἀρσινόη, 316 BC–unknown date from July 270 BC until 260 BC) was a Ptolemaic Greek Princess of Ancient Egypt and through marriage was Queen of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia as wife of King Lysimachus (Greek: Λυσίμαχος) and later co-ruler of Egypt with her brother-husband Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος, which means "Ptolemy the sibling … Following Lysimachus’s death in the battle of Corupedium in 281 bce, Arsinoe fled Ephesus for Cassandreia, where her husband had retained allies. 12. Tolomeo-Filadelfo (Ptolemy II Philadelphus). bce —died July 270/268 bce), queen (basilissa) of Thrace and Macedonia and, later, the wife of her younger brother, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt, and possibly his coruler. Please support World History Encyclopedia Foundation. Ptolemy II was known as Philadelphus, and the pair were deified as the Theoi Philadelphoi, meaning “sibling-loving.” The union had been condemned by some Greeks, notably the poet Sotades, who was exiled and ultimately killed as a result of his irreverent verses. From San el-Hagar (Tanis), temple of Ptolemy II, and Arsinoe II, Egypt. Seleucus proceeded to invade Lysimachus’s territories in 282 bce. Mnaeion or Oktadrachm (Gold, 28 mm, 27.69 g, 12 h), Alexandria, struck under Ptolemy VI-VIII, circa 180-116. The stela, from a chapel in the royal couple's honors, shows Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II in a deified form. Arsinoe II is known to have lived in the renamed Ephesus later in her marriage. She adopted Ptolemy’s children by Arsinoe I, a move that they evidently recognized even following the death of their father; Ptolemy may in fact have enacted this adoption after her death. Shortly after Seleucus crossed the Hellespont (Dardanelles) to Thrace, he was murdered by Ptolemy Ceraunus, who proclaimed himself the king of Macedonia and Thrace. World History Encyclopedia. In the relief at the top of the … (The British Museum, London). Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Arsinoe-II. From overcoming oppression, to breaking rules, to reimagining the world or waging a rebellion, these women of history have a story to tell. Ptolemy was educated by a number of the most distinguished intellectuals of the age, including Philitas of Cos and Strato of Lampsacus.. Ptolemy II had numerous … Ptolemy III Euergetes; Lysimachus; Berenice Phernopherus; When Ptolemy III was young, his mother (Arsinoe I) was disgraced and he was removed from the line of succession. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. The fact that she was depicted on those coins in full pharaonic accoutrements, notably the crown of Lower Egypt, strongly suggests that she was at least nominally a pharaoh herself. Updates? Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/image/5359/. Some have credited Arsinoe’s influence with the completion of the Alexandrian Museum, which notably included the Library of Alexandria. Arsinoë II was born in Macedonia, the daughter of Ptolemy I and his second wife Berneike. His marriage to Arsinoe II does not seem to have provoked any scandal. 22683: height 270 cm; width 45 cm; depth 82, 5 cm This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. One of the main questions accompanying the phenomenon of deified kings in the Graeco-Roman world is whether people actually believed in the divine nature of their potentates. Yet, unusually, the King wields a lightening bolt; a non-Egyptian motif that identifies him with Zeus, the Greek supreme god of Sky and thunder. At the age of 16 she married king Lysimachos of Thrace. You have to remember that, at this point, a full-blood royal marriage is considered bizarre in the extreme. Ptolemy II Philadelphus married his sister Arsinoe II and his half-sister Arsinoe I, a child his father had with a wife prior to Bernice. Amin, Osama S. M. "Ptolemy II & Arsinoe II." The marriage was likely intended to solidify an alliance between Ptolemy I and Lysimachus against Seleucus I Nicator, who presided over the Seleucid kingdom (much of present-day Syria and Iran), in the wake of the Battle of Ipsus. 24 Mar 2021. She had made allies there during her marriage to Lysimachus, and a massive rotunda—the largest known in Greek architecture—had been dedicated in her name. The donor probably belonged to the elite of Ptolemaic Thera and the decision to have his name and patronymic carved on the altar suggests that … Whatever the case, the elderly king ordered his son executed in 283/282 bce. Ptolemy II was the son of Ptolemy I Soter and his third wife Berenice I.He was born on the island of Kos in 309/308 BC, during his father's invasion of the Aegean in the Fourth Diadoch War.He had two full sisters, Arsinoe II and Philotera. The pair further aligned themselves with the Egyptian deities Isis and Osiris, also married siblings. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Arsinoe III – 221-204 BC. 68. The couple was married, and Arsinoe was crowned queen of Macedonia. Amin, Osama S. M. "Ptolemy II & Arsinoe II." Erkamon (Arqamani). Fig. Ptolemy II was married at first to Arsinoe I (282-247 BC), daughter of Lysimachos of Thrace in a political arrangement by his father to insure peace and build support in circa 288 BC. The governor that Arsinoe chose for the latter city was widely reviled by its citizens as draconian and unfair. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It has been inferred by modern historians that she wielded great power in both roles, though the extent of that power is contested. https://www.ancient.eu/image/5359/. Arsinoe bore three sons by Lysimachus between 298 and 294/293 bce: Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Philip. She eventually decamped to Alexandria (c. 279–276 bce), from which her younger brother ruled, their father having died about 283/282 bce. (British Museum) World History Encyclopedia, 26 Jul 2016. Arsinoe thus rose in prominence in Lysimachus’s court at Sardis (in modern Turkey). Arsinoe I was the mother of Ptolemy III, Their daughter, Berenike, was married to Antiochus II of Syria also in a political marraige to establish stability. Learn More. Ptolemy II divorced Arsinoe I and married Arsinoe II and adopted the epithet Philadelphus (brother or sister-loving). (The British Museum, London). Omissions? Amin, O. S. M. (2016, July 26). Ptolemy was educated by a number of the most distinguished intellectuals of the age, including Philitas of Cos and Strato of Lampsacus. Between 279 and 274: Ptolemy II marries Arsinoe II and is called Philadelphos, "man who loves his sister"; they are both venerated as theoi adelphoi; the royal cult is connected with the cult of Alexander the Great In this paired portrait of Ptolemy II Philadelphus with his wife and sister Arsinoё II, deified rulers of Egypt, the engraver, like the poet Theocritus, likened the subjects to the "rulers of Mount Olympus", the brother and sister Zeus and Hera who concluded a "holy marriage". But in Greece, it … Agathocles was married to Arsinoe’s half sister Lysandra. Though Ceraunus was killed in a battle with Gaulish (Galatian) invaders in 279 bce, Arsinoe’s eldest son never managed to gain a foothold in the succession conflicts that ensued. Ancient History Encyclopedia has a new name! In recognition of her influencel, the king gave her large estates in the Aegean, including the city of Ephesos. Web. She may have hired mercenaries to defend the city. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Arsinoe II (316 BC-July 270 BC), queen of Thrace and later co-ruler of Egypt with her brother and husband Ptolemy II. Ptolemy II & Arsinoe II. 22681: height 270 cm; width 42 cm; depth 81.5 cm. (Ptolemy II and Arsinoë II); 40 B.C (Drusilla-Arsinoë) Red granite Ptolemy II, Cat. It has been suggested that Lysimachus changed the name of the city of Ephesus (located in what is now western Turkey) to Arsinoeia in Arsinoe’s honour (294 bce), though he also had a daughter by that name who may have been the intended honoree. She was certainly given Heraclea Pontica (in what is now northern Turkey) following the murder of its ruler, Lysimachus’s second wife, Amastris, by her own sons about 285/284 bce. Arsinoe II Philadelphus (c. 316–270 bce)Daughter of Ptolemy I (founder of the Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt for almost 300 years) and three times a queen. in English from Illinois State University in 2005. This stele also includes the decree of Ptolemy II announcing her cult. Arsinoe II, (born c. 318–314 (316?) Ceraunus then persuaded his half sister Arsinoe to marry him, likely in an effort to quell any conflicts with her issue by Lysimachus and to consolidate his grip on Macedonia. Taking Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his sister/wife Arsinoe II as a case of Arsinoe II, (born c. 318–314 (316?) Arsinoe II, wife of Ptolemy II, died 270 BC. Philae Isistempel Relief 01.jpg … Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. ... Alessandro (Alexander the Great). bce—died July 270/268 bce), queen (basilissa) of Thrace and Macedonia and, later, the wife of her younger brother, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt, and possibly his coruler. (NYPL b14291206-425720).tiff 7,230 × 5,428; 112.28 MB. Ptolemy and Arsinoe had several children, including the future Egyptian king Ptolemy III. This proved to be a serious misjudgement, as Ptolemy Keraunus promptly killed two of her sons; the third … They requested aid from Seleucus I Nicator. Ptolemy gradually established his power as dynast and – like … This reveals the Greek origins of the Ptolemy ruling dynasty. World History Encyclopedia. Inscription: ΑΔΕΛΦΩΝ. Associate Professor of Neurology and lover of the Cradle of Civilization, Mesopotamia. He was a research editor with Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. from 2008 to 2016 and worked on Britannica Blog from 2010... Meet extraordinary women who dared to bring gender equality and other issues to the forefront. At the age of 16 she married king Lysimachos of Thrace. She was the daughter of Berenice I and Ptolemy I Soter, who was one of the Diadochi (“successors”) of Alexander the Great and the founder of the Macedonian (Ptolemaic) dynasty in Egypt following Alexander’s death in 323 bce. Lysimachus renamed Ephesus after … Obverse: Jugate busts of Ptolemy II, diademed and wearing chlamys and Arsinoe II, diademed and veiled, behind them shield. He was later … Ptolemy II’s first queen, Arsinoe I, the daughter of Lysimachus, was accused, possibly at Arsinoe II’s instigation, of plotting his murder and was exiled. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Arsinoe II’s father, Ptolemy, received Egypt and Libya, and the family settled in Alexandria, the great city that Alexander had founded. This cylindrical altar, which was found reused in a later house, sheds light on the practice of Ptolemaic ruler cult in Thera at the time of Ptolemy II. He was later granted control of Telmessus by Euergetes, son of Ptolemy II. Lysandra’s mother was Ptolemy I’s other wife, Eurydice, whose issue had been cut out of the Egyptian succession. Following the customs of Egyptian pharaohs, Ptolemy II (reigned 285–246 BCE) and Arsinoe II (reigned 276–270 BCE) married and ruled as both siblings and … And then, he married his full-sister Arsinoe II. Arsinoe II (about 316 BC - 270 BC) Arsinoe II was born around 316 BC, daughter of Ptolemy I and Berenike. Her early youth was spent in heated contest at court of Ptolemy I between the off-spring of her father’s first wife Eurydice, daughter of Antipater. Thank you! After Arsinoe’s death about 270/268 bce, her cult was established in numerous places, including Alexandria, where a great shrine, the Arsinoeion, was dedicated to her. Here, she marries her brother, king Ptolemy II, who is from now on surnamed Philadelphus, 'man who loves his sister', which is a more or less neutral expression without incestuous connotations. Suspicious of his motivations, Arsinoe demanded a public marriage. After his death in battle in 281 BC, she fled to Cassandrea and married her half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos. 67. Additional components of her headdress were symbolic of the goddesses Isis and Hathor, suggesting that she was likely deified during her life. Arsinoe. Monetary History of Egypt Ptolemaic Dynasty Arsinoe III 221 – 204 B.C. Arsinoe II then married her own brother (c. 279–272 bce), a customary practice in Egypt but one until then foreign to the Greeks. Her proximity to the Egyptian dynastic line likely elevated her in station above Agathocles, the product of Lysimachus’s first marriage and his heir apparent. 22682: height 276 cm; width 43 cm; depth 96 cm. This stele also includes the decree of Ptolemy II announcing her cult. Lysandra fled to Babylon, accompanied by her offspring and her brother, Ptolemy Ceraunus, who had stood to inherit the Egyptian throne prior to the elevation of Ptolemy II. Arsinoë II, Cat. Lysimachus was satrap (from 323 bce) and king, or basileus (from 305 bce), of Thrace, and he eventually came to rule extensive portions of Asia Minor (from 301 bce) and Macedonia (from 285 bce). PHRC006 : Dedication to Ptolemy II and Arsinoe Philadelphos in Thera - Cyclades (270-246 BC) Dedication. Their staffs are attribnbutes of Egyptian gods, as is the emblem of life (ankh) held by the queen. Fig. Alexandrian Museum, which are commemorated in the Mendes stele and Osiris Philadelphus '' was added her! Thus rose in prominence in Lysimachus ’ s territories in 282 bce ) held the... 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