[209] She protested that she had been denied the opportunity to review the evidence, that her papers had been removed from her, that she was denied access to legal counsel and that as a foreign anointed queen she had never been an English subject and thus could not be convicted of treason. [246] Mary's courage at her execution helped establish her popular image as the heroic victim in a dramatic tragedy. Mary’s life also inspired the 2013 to 2017 television show Reign. [15] The treaty provided that the two countries would remain legally separate and, if the couple should fail to have children, the temporary union would dissolve. Mary, byname Mary, Queen of Scots, original name Mary Stuart or Mary Stewart, (born December 8, 1542, Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian, Scotland—died February 8, 1587, Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England), queen of Scotland (1542–67) and queen consort of France (1559–60). Scottish Catholics, however, objected to this plan, since England had separated from the Catholic Church. On 7 July 1548, a Scottish Parliament held at a nunnery near the town agreed to the French marriage treaty. [204], Mary was moved to Fotheringhay Castle in a four-day journey ending on 25 September. Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart[3] or Mary I of Scotland, reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567. The lords took Mary to Edinburgh, where crowds of spectators denounced her as an adulteress and murderer. [106] The ride was later used as evidence by Mary's enemies that the two were lovers, though no suspicions were voiced at the time and Mary had been accompanied by her councillors and guards. Mary was initially betrothed to Henry VIII's son, Prince Edward of England, who eventually became King Edward VI. James was Mary’s one and only child, conceived with her second husband, Henry Stewart. When Darnley was mysteriously killed following an explosion at Kirk o' Field, outside Edinburgh, in February 1567, foul play was suspected. [39], Portraits of Mary show that she had a small, oval-shaped head, a long, graceful neck, bright auburn hair, hazel-brown eyes, under heavy lowered eyelids and finely arched brows, smooth pale skin, a high forehead, and regular, firm features. [100] On 9 March, a group of the conspirators accompanied by Darnley murdered Rizzio in front of the pregnant Mary at a dinner party in Holyrood Palace. It is impossible now to prove either way. [87] Although her advisors had brought the couple together, Elizabeth felt threatened by the marriage because as descendants of her aunt, both Mary and Darnley were claimants to the English throne. Following her first husband Francis’s death, Mary returned to Scotland from France in 1561. The king also became very fond of the child, saying, ‘The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child I have ever seen.’ While in France, Mary’s maternal grandmother, Antoinette de Guise, wrote to her daught… But his death made Mary more than just the Queen of Scots. The Elizabethan era is named for her. Meanwhile, in July 1567, Mary was compelled to abdicate the throne in Scotland in favor of her infant son. [213] On 1 February 1587, Elizabeth signed the death warrant, and entrusted it to William Davison, a privy councillor. [159] Other documents scrutinised included Bothwell's divorce from Jean Gordon. She was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. [218] The scaffold that was erected in the Great Hall was draped in black cloth. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives.
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